Are eSIMs Safe? | Can eSIMs Be Hacked?
How eSIMs compare with physical SIMs on security
Summary
In today's digital age, securing our personal information is more important than ever. The advent of eSIM technology, which allows users to switch carriers without needing a physical SIM card, has raised concerns about security and privacy.
Unlike traditional SIM cards, which can be easily removed or stolen, eSIMs are embedded within the device, offering an added layer of security. While eSIMs help protect against theft and cloning, threats such as hacking and SIM swapping remain. Both eSIMs and physical SIM cards are still vulnerable to risks like social engineering and digital breaches.
In this article, we’ll compare the security benefits and risks of eSIMs vs. physical SIM cards, helping you understand how to protect your mobile data from hacks and other threats.
eSIM Security Benefits Over Physical SIMs
With the growing concerns on privacy and internet safety, users may question the safety of switching from a physical SIM card to an eSIM. How does eSIM technology measure up to traditional SIM cards in terms of security?
One of the main advantages of eSIMs is their enhanced physical security compared to traditional SIM cards. Unlike physical SIM cards, which are easily removable and can be lost or stolen, eSIMs are securely embedded into the device, reducing the risk of theft or unauthorized removal. Here's how eSIMs boost security:
- Harder to Remove or Steal: Since eSIMs are built directly into the device, they can't be easily taken out or tampered with, making them less vulnerable to theft.
- Requires Device Authentication: The activation of an eSIM involves a verification process through both the carrier and the device itself, adding an additional layer of protection against unauthorized access.
Risks That Apply to eSIMs & Physical SIMs
While eSIMs offer improved physical security, they are still subject to certain risks that also affect traditional SIM cards. Here are two common threats:
SIM-Cloning
SIM cloning involves a hacker obtaining and replicating a physical SIM card by stealing its International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI) and encryption key. This allows the hacker to take control of your phone, track your activity, and listen to your calls or messages. With eSIMs, cloning is much more difficult since there is no physical SIM to steal. Additionally, eSIM profiles are generally configured by network operators, which makes unauthorized cloning even harder.
SIM-Swapping
SIM swapping occurs when a hacker impersonates you to your network provider and convinces them to activate a new SIM card, disabling your original SIM. While eSIMs are safe from physical theft, they can still be vulnerable to SIM swapping attacks. The risk primarily depends on how your network operator verifies and authenticates your identity, rather than the type of SIM being used.
Data Privacy and Security
Many users are concerned whether eSIMs pose a greater risk to data privacy compared to physical SIMs. In reality, using an eSIM does not inherently expose your data to more risks. Both eSIMs and physical SIMs enable carriers to track your usage.
The process of configuring an eSIM typically requires identity verification, similar to obtaining a traditional SIM card, depending on regulations in different countries. For travelers, options exist for obtaining a SIM or eSIM without identity checks (usually for data-only use), while those tied to phone numbers typically involve identity verification.
How eSIMs can be hacked
While eSIMs offer improved security compared to traditional SIM cards, they are not immune to cyber threats. Here are some common risks that can affect eSIM security:
- SIM Swap Attacks: Cybercriminals may manipulate carriers to transfer your phone number to a new eSIM, allowing them to intercept calls, messages, and bypass SMS-based 2FA.
- Social Engineering & Phishing: Hackers can impersonate mobile carriers to trick users into revealing login credentials or authentication codes, facilitating unauthorized eSIM transfers.
- Carrier System Vulnerabilities: If a carrier’s system is compromised, hackers could activate an eSIM on their device using a stolen number. Though rare, this type of attack can have severe consequences.
- Malware & Device Exploits: Malware on a phone can manipulate eSIM settings, intercept messages, or compromise linked accounts. Malware can enter through malicious apps, phishing links, or software vulnerabilities.
Real-World Examples of eSIM Hacking Attempts
A report by BleepingComputer highlights how cybercriminals have adapted traditional SIM swap fraud techniques for eSIMs. By exploiting carrier support channels and leveraging social engineering, attackers successfully transferred victims' phone numbers to unauthorised devices, enabling them to intercept authentication codes and gain control of financial accounts.
There have been numerous reported cases of eSIM-related fraud, particularly targeting financial institutions. In one instance, over 1000 attempted eSIM swap attacks were identified, where hackers sought to gain access to bank accounts by taking control of victims' phone numbers. These incidents demonstrate how cybercriminals are actively targeting eSIM technology as its adoption grows.
The rise in eSIM hacking attempts shows the need for stronger authentication measures by mobile carriers and increased user awareness. Customers should enable additional security features, such as PIN protection for carrier accounts and app-based two-factor authentication, to reduce the risk of unauthorised eSIM hacks. Additionally, mobile providers must continue enhancing their verification processes to prevent social engineering attacks and unauthorised account takeovers.
How to Protect Your eSIM from Hacking
- Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Whenever possible, use an authentication app like Google Authenticator or Authy instead of SMS-based 2FA. This adds an extra layer of security, preventing hackers from accessing your accounts even if they manage to transfer your eSIM. Additionally, secure your carrier account with a strong password and enable multi-factor authentication for added protection.
- Secure Your Carrier Account: Most mobile carriers allow users to set up a PIN or passphrase for added security. This prevents unauthorised number transfers and SIM swaps. Check with your carrier for additional security features, such as account locks or additional verification steps before processing eSIM-related changes.
- Be Aware of Phishing & Social Engineering Attempts: Cybercriminals often pose as mobile carriers, banks, or even government agencies to trick users into revealing personal information. Never share sensitive details over the phone or email unless you have verified the request. Always contact your carrier directly through their official customer support channels if you receive unexpected requests regarding your eSIM.
- Regularly Update Your Device & Carrier Settings: Keeping your device updated helps protect against security vulnerabilities that hackers may exploit. Regularly check for carrier updates under Settings > General > About on iOS or within your carrier’s app on Android. These updates often include security patches that strengthen eSIM protection.
- Use a Secure Lock Screen & Biometric Authentication: Enable a strong PIN, Face ID, or fingerprint authentication to prevent unauthorised access to your phone. If your device is lost or stolen, use Find My iPhone (iOS) or Find My Device (Android) to remotely erase data and deactivate your eSIM.
- Avoid Public WiFi When Managing eSIM Profiles: Public WiFi networks can be vulnerable to cyberattacks. When accessing mobile carrier portals or updating your eSIM settings, use a VPN to encrypt your connection and prevent data interception. If possible, use a secure cellular network instead of public WiFi for managing your eSIM.
What to do if your eSIM Is compromised?
If you believe your eSIM has been hacked or compromised, it's crucial to act quickly to protect your information and prevent further damage. Here are the essential steps to take:
Step 1: Contact Your Carrier Immediately
If you suspect unauthorised activity on your eSIM, call your mobile carrier and report the issue. Request a security review and ask them to lock your number to prevent further unauthorized swaps.
Step 2: Reset & Reinstall Your eSIM Profile
Remove the compromised eSIM from your device and request a new eSIM activation from your provider. This ensures that hackers no longer have access to your number.
Step 3: Secure Your Online Accounts
If your eSIM was hacked, cybercriminals may have accessed your linked accounts. Immediately reset passwords for sensitive accounts, including banking, email, and social media. Enable 2FA using an authentication app to add an extra layer of security.
Step 4: Monitor for Identity Theft
Check for unauthorised transactions in your financial accounts and monitor your email for suspicious login attempts. If your phone number was compromised, consider freezing your credit to prevent identity theft or fraud. Stay vigilant and report any unusual activity to the relevant authorities.
Frequently Asked Questions about the safety of an eSIM
Is an eSIM more secure than a physical SIM?
Yes, eSIMs are more secure because they cannot be removed, lost, or cloned like physical SIMs. However, they are still vulnerable to digital threats such as SIM swap attacks and phishing scams. To enhance security, use strong passwords, enable two-factor authentication (2FA), and secure your carrier account with a PIN or passphrase.
Can eSIMs be hacked like traditional SIM cards?
While eSIMs cannot be physically cloned, they are still vulnerable to digital attacks, including SIM swap fraud, phishing, and breaches at the carrier level. Hackers may attempt to trick your carrier into transferring your eSIM profile to another device. To safeguard your eSIM, make sure to secure your carrier account, activate 2FA, and be cautious when sharing personal information online.
How do I know if my eSIM has been compromised?
If your eSIM has been compromised, you might notice unusual activity on your phone, like receiving unexpected messages or calls, or your phone may suddenly lose service or start acting erratically. If you suspect any unauthorized activity, immediately contact your carrier to report it. They can assist in identifying potential breaches and take steps to protect your account.
Can someone remotely steal my eSIM information?
While it is difficult, hackers may attempt to steal eSIM data through phishing or social engineering. Avoid sharing personal details over email or phone, verify carrier requests, and enable security features like 2FA and strong passwords to prevent unauthorized access.
What should I do if my carrier allows an unauthorized eSIM swap?
Immediately contact your carrier to report the unauthorized swap and request a security review. Remove the compromised eSIM, activate a new one, and update passwords for sensitive accounts. Monitor your financial transactions and online accounts for any unusual activity. You should also set up additional security measures, such as stronger account PINs and multi-factor authentication (MFA), to prevent further breaches.
Are there extra security settings I can enable on my phone?
Yes, there are several steps you can take to enhance your phone’s security. You can enable biometric authentication such as Face ID or fingerprint recognition to lock your device. Always use a strong PIN or password to prevent unauthorized access. Additionally, enable app-based 2FA instead of relying on SMS, set a security PIN for your carrier account, and ensure your device’s software is always up-to-date. Avoid managing eSIM profiles on public Wi-Fi networks, and consider using a VPN to encrypt your internet connection when accessing sensitive carrier portals.
